Variation of subclinical psychosis across 16 sites in Europe and Brazil: findings from the multi-national EU-GEI study

• DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723003781
• Publication Date: 2024-01-30T10:01:47Z
• Authors: Giuseppe D'Andrea; Diego Quattrone; Kathryn Malone; Giada Tripoli; Giulia Trotta; Edoardo Spinazzola; Charlotte Gayer-A...; Hannah E Jongsma; Lucia Sideli; Simona A Stilo; Caterina La Cascia; Laura Ferraro; Antonio Lasalvia; Sarah Tosato; Andrea Tortelli; Eva Velthorst; Lieuwe de Haan; Pierre-Michel Llorca; Paulo Rossi Menezes; Jose Luis Santos; Manuel Arrojo; Julio Bobes; Julio Sanjuán; Miguel Bernardo; Celso Arango; James B Kirkbride; Peter B Jones; Bart P Rutten; Jim Van Os; Jean-Paul Selten; Evangelos Vassos; Franck Schürhoff; Andrei Szöke; Baptiste Pignon; Michael O'Donovan; Alexander Richards; Craig Morgan; Marta Di Forti; Ilaria Tarricone; Robin M Murray
• Keywords: Subclinical infection

Abstract Background Incidence of first-episode psychosis (FEP) varies substantially across geographic regions. Phenotypes subclinical (SP), such as psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and schizotypy, present several similarities with psychosis. We aimed to examine whether SP measures varied different sites this variation was comparable FEP incidence within the same areas. further examined contribution environmental genetic factors SP. Methods used data from 1497 controls recruited in 16 6 countries. Factor scores for psychopathological dimensions schizotypy PLEs were obtained using multidimensional item response theory models. Variation these assessed multi-level regression analysis estimate individual between-sites variance adjusting age, sex, education, migrant, employment relational status, childhood adversity, cannabis use. In final model we added local a second-level variable. Association liability separately. Results Schizotypy showed large up 15% attributable site-level characteristics. Adding considerably reduced unexplained variance. did not show much variation. Overall, associated younger unmarried, unemployed less educated individuals, use, adversity. Both phenotypes schizophrenia. Conclusions substantial variation, being more represented areas where is higher. This supports hypothesis that shared contextual shape spectrum.