Biomarker-Determined Nonylphenol Exposure and Associated Risks in Children of Thailand, Indonesia, and Saudi Arabia

• DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01404
• Publication Date: 2022-07-08T13:45:00Z
• Authors: Benedikt Ringbeck; Daniel Bury; Inae Lee; Gowoon Lee; Raid Alakeel; May Alrashed; Ramadhan Tosepu; Erwin Azizi Jayad...; Kraichat Tantraka...; Wissanupong Klien...; Thomas Brüning; Kyungho Choi; Holger M. Koch
• Keywords: Nonylphenol; Endocrine disruptor

Nonylphenol (NP) is an endocrine disruptor and environmental contaminant. Yet, data on individual body burdens potential health risks in humans, especially among children, are scarce. We analyzed two specific urinary NP metabolites, hydroxy-NP (OH-NP) oxo-NP. In contrast to parent NP, OH-NP has a much higher excretion fraction (Fue), both insusceptible external contamination. investigated spot urine samples from school children of Thailand (n = 104), Indonesia 89), Saudi Arabia 108) could quantify 100% Indonesian (median concentrations: 8.12 8.57 μg/L) 76% Thai (1.07 μg/L). Median oxo-NP concentrations were 0.95, 1.10, <0.25 μg/L, respectively, line with its lower Fue. daily intakes (DIs), back-calculated concentrations, significantly [0.47 0.36 μg/(kg bw·d), respectively] than [0.06 bw·d)]. Maximum DIs close the preliminary tolerable DI 5 bw·d) Danish Environmental Protection Agency. Dominant sources exposure or relevant pathways not be readily identified by questionnaire analyses also potentially varied region. The novel biomarkers provide long-needed support quantitative risk assessment NP.