Nonequilibrium Dynamics of Electron Emission from Cold and Hot Graphene under Proton Irradiation

• DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00356
• Publication Date: 2024-04-08T13:56:04Z
• Authors: Yifan Yao; Alina Kononov; Arne Metzlaff; Andreas Wucher; Lukas Kalkhoff; Lars Breuer; Marika Schleberger; André Schleife
• Keywords: Thermalisation; Secondary emission; Electron beam processing; Electron temperature

Characteristic properties of secondary electrons emitted from irradiated two-dimensional materials arise multi-length and multi-time-scale relaxation processes that connect the initial nonequilibrium excited electron distribution with their eventual emission. To understand these processes, which are critical for using as high-resolution thermalization probes, we combine first-principles real-time dynamics irradiation experiments. Our data cold hot proton-irradiated graphene show signatures kinetic potential emission generally good agreement yields between experiment theory. The duration pulse is about 1.5 fs, indicates high time resolution when used a probe. newly developed method to predict energy spectra shows ion experiments prior models. We find lattice temperature significantly increases emission, whereas has negligible effect.