Immediate antecedents of cigarette smoking: An analysis from ecological momentary assessment.

• DOI: 10.1037//0021-843x.111.4.531
• Publication Date: 2002-11-08T18:17:08Z
• Authors: Saul Shiffman; Chad J. Gwaltney; Mark H. Balabanis; Kenneth S. Liu; Jean A. Paty; Jon D. Kassel; Mary Hickcox; Maryann Gnys
• Keywords: Affect; Situational ethics

The authors assessed the association between smoking and situational cues, including affect, in real-world contexts. Using ecological momentary assessment, 304 smokers monitored ad-lib for 1 week, recording each cigarette on palm-top computers. Generalized estimating equations contrasted 10,084 11,155 nonsmoking situations. After controlling restrictions, was strongly related to urges modestly consumption of coffee food, presence other smokers, several activities. Smoking unrelated negative or positive affect arousal, although it associated with restlessness. Thus, daily life, appears exert little influence over heavy adults.