Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in 45,965 adults from the general population of the United Kingdom

• DOI: 10.1038/s41564-021-00947-3
• Publication Date: 2021-07-21T10:07:53Z
• Authors: Jia Wei; Nicole Stoesser; Philippa C. Matthews; Daniel Ayoubkhani; Ruth Studley; Iain Bell; John I. Bell; John N. Newton; Jeremy Farrar; Ian Diamond; Emma Rourke; Alison Howarth; Brian D. Marsden; Sarah Hoosdally; E. Yvonne Jones; David I. Stuart; Derrick W. Crook; Tim E. A. Peto; Koen B. Pouwels; David W. Eyre; A. Sarah Walker; ; Alex Lambert; Tina Thomas; Russell Black; Antonio Felton; Megan Crees; Joel Jones; Lina Lloyd; Esther Sutherland; Emma Pritchard; Karina-Doris Vihta; George Doherty; James Kavanagh; Kevin K. Chau; Stephanie B. Hatch; Daniel Ebner; Lucas Martins Fer...; Thomas Christott; Wanwisa Dejniratt...; Juthathip Mongkol...; Sarah Cameron; Phoebe Tamblin-Ho...; Magda Wolna; Rachael Brown; Richard Cornall; Gavin Screaton; Katrina Lythgoe; David Bonsall; Tanya Golubchik; Helen Fryer; Stuart Cox; Kevin Paddon; Tim James; Thomas House; Julie Robotham; Paul Birrell; Helena Jordan; Tim Sheppard; Graham Athey; Dan Moody; Leigh Curry; Pamela Brereton; Ian Jarvis; Anna Godsmark; George Morris; Bobby Mallick; Phil Eeles; Jodie Hay; Harper VanSteenhouse; Jessica Lee
• Keywords: Adult; Male; COVID-19 Vaccines; Adolescent; Antibodies, Viral; Article; Cohort Studies; Young Adult; 03 medical and health sciences; Humans; Child; BNT162 Vaccine; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; 0303 health sciences; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Diagnostic markers; Middle Aged; United Kingdom; 3. Good health; Viral infection; Immunoglobulin G; Antibody Formation; Female

AbstractWe report that in a cohort of 45,965 adults, who were receiving either the ChAdOx1 or the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, in those who had no prior infection with SARS-CoV-2, seroconversion rates and quantitative antibody levels after a single dose were lower in older individuals, especially in those aged >60 years. Two vaccine doses achieved high responses across all ages. Antibody levels increased more slowly and to lower levels with a single dose of ChAdOx1 compared with a single dose of BNT162b2, but waned following a single dose of BNT162b2 in older individuals. In descriptive latent class models, we identified four responder subgroups, including a ‘low responder’ group that more commonly consisted of people aged >75 years, males and individuals with long-term health conditions. Given our findings, we propose that available vaccines should be prioritized for those not previously infected and that second doses should be prioritized for individuals aged >60 years. Further data are needed to better understand the extent to which quantitative antibody responses are associated with vaccine-mediated protection.