The gut microbiota and its metabolite butyrate shape metabolism and antiviral immunity along the gut-lung axis in the chicken

• DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06815-0
• Publication Date: 2024-09-19T23:03:12Z
• Authors: Vincent Saint-Martin; Vanaique Guillory; Mélanie Chollot; Isabelle Fleurot; Emmanuel Kut; Ferdinand Roesch; Ignacio Caballero; Emmanuelle Helloin; Emilie Chambellon; Brian Ferguson; Philippe Velge; Florent Kempf; Sascha Trapp; Rodrigo Guabiraba
• Keywords: Gut–brain axis

Abstract The gut microbiota exerts profound influence on poultry immunity and metabolism through mechanisms that yet need to be elucidated. Here we used conventional germ-free chickens explore the of transcriptomic metabolic signatures along gut-lung axis in poultry. Our results demonstrated a differential regulation certain metabolites genes associated with innate peripheral tissues birds. Furthermore, evidenced microbiota’s capacity regulate mucosal chicken lung during avian influenza virus infection. Finally, by fine-analysing antiviral pathways triggered short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) butyrate respiratory epithelial cells, found it regulates interferon-stimulated (ISGs), notably OASL , via transcription factor Sp1. These findings emphasize pivotal role its shaping homeostasis poultry, offering crucial insights into governing communication between lungs