Rossby waves under time-varying shear with the complete Coriolis force

• DOI: 10.1063/5.0250533
• Publication Date: 2025-02-10T11:10:16Z
• Authors: Na Liu; Xiaojun Yin; Ruigang Zhang; Quansheng Liu
• Keywords: Rossby number

Large-scale Rossby waves are of great significance in influencing the weather and climate system due to Coriolis force. In this paper, we derive a variable coefficient extended Korteweg–de Vries model describe large-scale waves. This is obtained from potential vorticity equation, which incorporates complete force, using Gardner–Morikawa coordinate transformation perturbation theory. Subsequently, obtain N-soliton solutions breather with horizontal parameters through Hirota bilinear Moreover, based on different basic flows, analyze evolution amplitudes waves, encompassing solitons, breathers, their interactions. The results reveal that component force impacts propagation trajectory potentially transforming elevation solitons into depression during propagation. Furthermore, can modify polarity wave cause blockages move zonal direction. findings also suggest beta effect, background westerly wind, all influence strength dipole blockage. particular, cotangent time-varying shear flow lead transition monopole blockage It hoped these discoveries will be useful study atmospheric oceanic