Engineering three-dimensional hybrid supercapacitors and microsupercapacitors for high-performance integrated energy storage

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1420398112
• Publication Date: 2015-03-24T03:17:43Z
• Authors: Maher F. El-Kady; Melanie Ihns; Mengping Li; Jee Youn Hwang; Mir F. Mousavi; Lindsay Chaney; Andrew T. Lech; Richard B. Kaner
• Keywords: Pseudocapacitor; Power density

Supercapacitors now play an important role in the progress of hybrid and electric vehicles, consumer electronics, military space applications. There is a growing demand developing supercapacitor systems to overcome energy density limitations current generation carbon-based supercapacitors. Here, we demonstrate 3D high-performance supercapacitors microsupercapacitors based on graphene MnO2 by rationally designing electrode microstructure combining active materials with electrolytes that operate at high voltages. This results electrodes ultrahigh volumetric capacitance over 1,100 F/cm(3). corresponds specific constituent 1,145 F/g, which close theoretical value 1,380 F/g. The full device varies between 22 42 Wh/l depending configuration, superior those commercially available double-layer supercapacitors, pseudocapacitors, lithium-ion capacitors, tested under same conditions comparable lead acid batteries. These use aqueous are assembled air without need for expensive "dry rooms" required building today's Furthermore, simple technique fabrication arrays high-voltage can be integrated solar cells efficient harvesting storage systems.