Common questions and misconceptions about caffeine supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show?

• DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2024.2323919
• Publication Date: 2024-03-11T14:41:09Z
• Authors: Jose Antonio; Daniel E. Newmire; Jeffrey R. Stout; Brandi Antonio; Maureen Gibbons; Lonnie M. Lowery; Joseph Harper; Darryn Willoughby; Cassandra Evans; Dawn Anderson; Erica Goldstein; Jose Rojas; Matías Monsalves-...; Scott C. Forbes; Jose Gomez Lopez; Tim Ziegenfuss; Blake D. Moulding; Darren Candow; Michael Sagner; Shawn M. Arent
• Keywords: Male; exercise; Nutrition. Foods and food supply; supplement; Review; Performance-Enhancing Substances; Ergogenic aid; 03 medical and health sciences; 0302 clinical medicine; Adipose Tissue; Pregnancy; Caffeine; Sports medicine; Dietary Supplements; Humans; TX341-641; Female; RC1200-1245; Exercise; performance

Caffeine is a popular ergogenic aid that has plethora of evidence highlighting its positive effects. A Google Scholar search using the keywords "caffeine" and "exercise" yields over 200,000 results, emphasizing extensive research on this topic. However, despite vast amount available data, it intriguing uncertainties persist regarding effectiveness safety caffeine. These include but are not limited to: 1. Does caffeine dehydrate you at rest? 2. during exercise? 3. promote loss body fat? 4. habitual consumption influence performance response to acute supplementation? 5. affect upper vs. lower performance/strength differently? 6. Is there relationship between depression? 7. Can too much kill you? 8. Are sex differences caffeine's effects? 9. work for everyone? 10. cause heart problems? 11. bone mineral? 12. Should pregnant women avoid caffeine? 13. addictive? 14. waiting 1.5–2.0 hours after waking consume help afternoon "crash?" To answer these questions, we performed an evidence-based scientific evaluation literature supplementation.