Neural Correlates of Symptom Improvement Following Stimulant Treatment in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

• DOI: 10.1089/cap.2015.0243
• Publication Date: 2016-03-30T22:37:46Z
• Authors: Zhen Yang; Clare Kelly; Francisco X. Cast...; Terry Leon; Michael P. Milham; Lenard A. Adler
• Keywords: Stimulant; Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

The purposes of this study were to examine the impact 3 weeks amphetamine administration on intrinsic connectome-wide connectivity patterns in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and explore association between stimulant-induced symptom improvement functional alteration.Participants included 19 (age 20-55 years) diagnosed ADHD using Diagnostic Statistical Manual Mental Disorders, 4th ed., Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria per Adult Clinician Scale taking part trials. For each patient, two 6-minute resting-state magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI) scans acquired at baseline after treatment. A fully data-driven multivariate analytic approach (i.e., distance matrix regression [MDMR]) was applied R-fMRI data characterize distributed pharmacological effects entire connectome. Clinical efficacy assessed rating scale adult prompts Self-Report v1.1 Symptom Checklist. We linked changes amelioration Spearman's correlation.Three a stimulant significantly reduced symptoms. MDMR-based analyses highlighted left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, key cognitive control region) medial (MPFC, anterior core default network) whose across brain altered by psychostimulants. Follow-up revealed that stimulants specifically decreased positive DLPFC-insula, DLPFC-anterior cingulate cortex, MPFC-insula. Importantly, these are associated improvement.These results suggested is increased integration or segregation regions control, default, salience networks. apparent normalization interaction circuits segregation) may underlie clinical benefits produced