3D Printed Schematic Model for Extraocular Muscles teaching

• DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r2424
• Publication Date: 2022-05-03T08:34:55Z
• Authors: Yolanda Salinas‐A...; Antonio Garza‐Gut...; Alejandro Quiroga...; Rodrigo E. Elizon...; Jorge Gutierrez‐D...; Santos Guzman‐Lopez
• Keywords: Orbit (dynamics); Medial wall

There are many difficulties a student or educator can present in the anatomy course. Technological advances and availability of new tools have provided alternatives to improve learning method. A 3D model an orbit ocular globe (OG) was designed printed. It consisted roof, floor, medial lateral walls, posterior wall. The superior inferior orbital fissures were represented, as well common tendinous ring (Zinn's) optic canal from which cylindrical axis extends 45° angle, representing nerve (ON). At end this axis, sphere enarthrosis simulates OG. wall is parallel OG's while almost ON's axis. OG formed with polygons allow better perception movements. center attached ON matches OG, resulting rotating without moving within orbit. Six holes made elastic threads placed. In anterior half hole for superior, inferior, surfaces made, corresponding insertions rectus (SR), (IR), (MR), recti muscles (LR) respectively. On surface region insertion oblique (SO) another (IO). four originate annulus Zinn, represented that cross at points insertion. orbit, corner, trochlea through thread SO passes anchored SR. same wall, but interior corner we anchor represents IO. angles between axes muscles, kept close reality possible. model, 20° (human 23°) 70° 51°). design allows internal rotation when tightening inserted (SR, SO); if tightened (IR, IO), it causes external rotation; tightened, adduction occurs (except LR); those obliques LR abduction occurs; IR, MR, LR) movement its name produced, opposite what their names indicate (SO, IO). effective makes easier. Student has not been surveyed yet. Future version may angle oblique's Pathological finding also be exemplified.