Ketamine-induced Neuroapoptosis in the Fetal and Neonatal Rhesus Macaque Brain

• DOI: 10.1097/aln.0b013e318242b2cd
• Publication Date: 2012-01-06T14:28:05Z
• Authors: Ansgar M. Brambrink; Alex S. Evers; Michael S. Avidan; Nuri B. Farber; Derek J. Smith; Lauren D. Martin; Gregory A. Dissen; Catherine E. Creeley; John W. Olney
• Keywords: Rhesus macaque

Exposure of rhesus macaque fetuses for 24 h or neonates 9 to ketamine anesthesia causes neuroapoptosis in the developing brain. The current study clarifies minimum exposure required and extent spatial distribution ketamine-induced neonates.Ketamine was administered by IV infusion 5 postnatal day 6 pregnant females at 120 days' gestation (full term = 165 days). Three hours later, were delivered cesarean section, fetal neonatal brains studied evidence apoptotic neurodegeneration, as determined activated caspase-3 staining.Both (n 3) 4) ketamine-exposed had a significant increase profiles compared with drug-naive controls (fetal n 4; 5). Loss neurons attributable 2.2 times greater than neonates. pattern neurodegeneration different from that neonates, all subjects exposed either age characteristic age.The brain is sensitive apoptogenic action both age, duration sufficient induce response age. induced loss brains.