Turnover of ribosome-associated transcripts from de novo ORFs produces gene-like characteristics available for de novo gene emergence in wild yeast populations

• DOI: 10.1101/gr.239822.118
• Publication Date: 2019-05-31T20:49:03Z
• Authors: Éléonore Durand; Isabelle Gagnon-A...; Johan Hallin; Isabelle Hatin; Alexandre K. Dubé; Lou Nielly-Thibault; Olivier Namy; Christian R. Landry
• Keywords: 0303 health sciences; Transcription, Genetic; [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE]; Research; [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology; [SDV.BBM.BM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology; Biological Evolution; Open Reading Frames; 03 medical and health sciences; [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN]; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Protein Biosynthesis; Yeasts; [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE]; [SDV.BBM.GTP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN]; Ribosomes

Little is known about the rate of emergence of de novo genes, what their initial properties are, and how they spread in populations. We examined wild yeast populations (Saccharomyces paradoxus) to characterize the diversity and turnover of intergenic ORFs over short evolutionary timescales. We find that hundreds of intergenic ORFs show translation signatures similar to canonical genes, and we experimentally confirmed the translation of many of these ORFs in laboratory conditions using a reporter assay. Compared with canonical genes, intergenic ORFs have lower translation efficiency, which could imply a lack of optimization for translation or a mechanism to reduce their production cost. Translated intergenic ORFs also tend to have sequence properties that are generally close to those of random intergenic sequences. However, some of the very recent translated intergenic ORFs, which appeared <110 kya, already show gene-like characteristics, suggesting that the raw material for functional innovations could appear over short evolutionary timescales.