The association between meal specific low carbohydrate diet score and cardiometabolic risk factors: A cross‐sectional study of Iranian adults

• DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14826
• Publication Date: 2021-09-07T16:15:46Z
• Authors: Mahtab Ghanbari; Sanaz Pourreza; Saba Mohammadpour; Elham Bazshahi; Zahra Akbarzade; Kurosh Djafarian; Cain C. T. Clark; Sakineh Shab‐Bidar
• Keywords: Adult; Metabolic Syndrome; 2. Zero hunger; 0301 basic medicine; Iran; Middle Aged; Diet; 3. Good health; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; Young Adult; 03 medical and health sciences; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cardiovascular Diseases; Risk Factors; Animals; Humans; Meals; Aged

Since evidence regarding low-CHO diet and cardiometabolic risk factors is controversial, this study aimed to assess the relation between low-CHO diet score and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiometabolic risk factors among a group of Iranian adults.This cross-sectional study was conducted with 840 subjects with the age range of 20-65 years. Dietary intakes were assessed by completing three 24-hour recalls. Total, animal- and vegetable-based low-CHO diet score were calculated. We used logistic regression with different models to determine whether there were relationships between low-CHO diet score and MetS and MetS components.We found that there was no significant association between low-CHO diet, animal-based and vegetable-based low-CHO diet scores and risk of MetS in three meals. Except for the animal-based low-CHO diet score, which was significantly associated with general obesity at lunch meal (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.76-1.82, P = .03). There were a significant association between low-CHO diet and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in lunch meal (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.06-2.14, P = .03). Vegetable-based low-CHO diet score was associated with a lower risk of elevated TG in lunch meal in the fully adjusted model (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.39-0.90, P = .04).Diets with lower amounts of carbohydrate and higher contents of fat and protein were not significantly associated with the risk for MetS in Iranian adults. Only animal-based low-CHO diet score was significantly associated with general obesity at lunch meal.