Hurt yourself to hurt your enemy: new insights on the function of the bizarre antipredator mechanism in the salamandridPleurodeles waltl

• DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00631.x
• Publication Date: 2009-08-18T10:44:40Z
• Authors: E. Heiss; N. Natchev; D. Salaberger; M. Gumpenberger; A. Rabanser; J. Weisgram
• Keywords: Pleurodeles; Vertebra

The Spanish ribbed newt Pleurodeles waltl shows a bizzare defensive mechanism against predators. X-ray analysis before and after simulated threat that this rotates its ribs anteriorly. maximum measured angle to which the moved was 65°. This forward movement causes sharply pointed rib tips lacerate body wall project freely from sides of trunk as spines. Light microscopy microanatomy, computed tomography 3D morphology these unusual weapons. They are 'spear-shaped' hollow proximally, massive distally connected corresponding vertebra by well-developed, two-headed joint. skin in penetration areas lacks permanent pores through could be projected is pierced de novo every antipredator posturing. investigation provides new insight into functionality highly complex, integrated strategy.