Evaluation of Ground‐Penetrating Radar to Detect Free‐Phase Hydrocarbons in Fractured Rocks—Results of Numerical Modeling and Physical Experiments

• DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00693.x
• Publication Date: 2005-08-04T15:18:28Z
• Authors: J.W. Lane; M.L. Buursink; F.P. Haeni; R.J. Versteeg
• Keywords: Ground-Penetrating Radar; Reflection; Amplitude versus offset

Abstract The suitability of common‐offset ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) to detect free‐phase hydrocarbons in bedrock fractures was evaluated using numerical modeling and physical experiments. results one‐ two‐dimensional at 100 megahertz indicate that GPR reflection amplitudes are relatively insensitive fracture apertures ranging from 1 4 mm. experiments differences the fluids fill significantly affect amplitude polarity electromagnetic waves reflected by subhorizontal fractures. Air‐filled hydrocarbon‐filled generate low‐amplitude reflections in‐phase with transmitted pulse. Water‐filled create greater opposite than those created air‐filled or demonstrate it is possible distinguish water‐filled air‐ reflections, nevertheless subsurface heterogeneity, antenna coupling changes, other sources noise will likely make difficult observe these changes field data. This indicates routine application methods for detection be problematic. Ideal cases require appropriately processed, high‐quality data, ground‐truth information, detailed knowledge properties. Conversely, sensitivity properties as demonstrated experimental suggests potential a monitoring tool. may suited pumping tracer tests, site hydrologic conditions, remediation activities.