Host shifts enhance diversification of ectomycorrhizal fungi: diversification rate analysis of the ectomycorrhizal fungal generaStrobilomycesandAfroboletuswith an 80‐gene phylogeny

• DOI: 10.1111/nph.14368
• Publication Date: 2016-12-05T15:20:03Z
• Authors: Hirotoshi Sato; Akifumi S. Tanabe; Hirokazu Toju
• Keywords: Pinaceae; Ectomycorrhiza; Fucales

Mutualisms with new host lineages can provide symbionts novel ecological opportunities to expand their geographical distribution, thereby leading evolutionary diversification. Because ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi ideal test the relationship between shifts and diversification, we tested whether mutualism could increase diversification rates of ECM fungi. Using a Bayesian tree inferred from 23 027-base nucleotide sequences 80 single-copy genes, rate had changed through host-shift events in monophyletic clade containing fungal genera Strobilomyces Afroboletus. The results indicated that these were initially associated Caesalpinioideae/Monotoideae Africa, acquired associations Dipterocarpoideae tropical Asia, then switched Fagaceae/Pinaceae Nothofagaceae/Eucalyptus. Fungal have approximately four-fold two-fold greater than those or Nothofagaceae/Eucalyptus, respectively. Moreover, shift was follow Fagaceae/Pinaceae. Our study suggests events, particularly occurring respect Fagaceae/Pinaceae, for rapid Strobilomyces-Afroboletus. Although further studies are needed generalization, propose possible scenario