Evaluation of NANOG/HDAC1 Expression in Predicting Outcomes of BCG Therapy in Non‐Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

• DOI: 10.1111/pin.70002
• Publication Date: 2025-02-12T12:54:02Z
• Authors: Takahisa Yamashita; Morihiro Higashi; Mami Yamazaki; Hiroki Imada; Natsuko Takayanagi; Tomomi Shimizu; Keisuke Sawada; Wataru Yamamoto; Chiaki Murakami; Marino Nagata; Yukina Kikuchi; Shuji Momose
• Keywords: Homeobox protein NANOG; HDAC1

ABSTRACT Urinary bladder cancer includes non‐muscle invasive (NMIBC) and muscle (MIBC). While patients with NMIBC have a better prognosis, often recurs, requiring long‐term surveillance repeated treatments. Intravesical Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) therapy is standard for high‐grade or recurrent NMIBC; however, 30%–50% of failed to respond, the mechanisms resistance remain unclear. To identify predictive biomarkers response intravesical BCG therapy, we analyzed NANOG Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) expression in 90 specimens from treated using immunohistochemistry. The correlation between HDAC1 clinical outcomes, including was assessed. High‐grade cases showed significantly higher compared low‐grade ( p < 0.05). Additionally, elevated combination HDAC1, associated poor decreased lymphocyte infiltration tumor‐microenvironment. suggested directly increases expression, which could suppress tumor microenvironment by altering immune‐related gene expression. These findings suggest that NANOG/HDAC1 axis plays key role predicting NMIBC.