Monitoring and manipulating Higgs and Goldstone modes in a supersolid quantum gas

• DOI: 10.1126/science.aan2608
• Publication Date: 2017-12-14T18:50:52Z
• Authors: Julian Léonard; Andrea Morales; Philip Zupancic; Tobias Donner; Tilman Esslinger
• Keywords: Supersolid; Goldstone boson; Continuous symmetry; Goldstone

Higgs and Goldstone modes are collective excitations of the amplitude phase an order parameter that is related to breaking a continuous symmetry. We directly studied these in supersolid quantum gas created by coupling Bose-Einstein condensate two optical cavities, whose field amplitudes form real imaginary parts U(1)-symmetric parameter. Monitoring cavity fields time allowed us observe dynamics associated revealed their nature. used spectroscopic method measure frequencies, we gave tunable mass mode exploring crossover between discrete Our experiments link measurements theoretical concept modes.