Type 1 Immunity Provides Optimal Protection against Both Mucosal and SystemicTrypanosoma cruziChallenges

• DOI: 10.1128/iai.70.12.6715-6725.2002
• Publication Date: 2002-11-18T23:04:20Z
• Authors: D. F. Hoft; C. S. Eickhoff
• Keywords: Chagas Disease; Intracellular parasite

ABSTRACT Chagas' disease results from infection with Trypanosoma cruzi , a protozoan parasite that establishes systemic intracellular after mucosal invasion. We hypothesized ideal vaccines for mucosally invasive, pathogens like T. should induce type 2 immunity optimal induction of protective secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) and 1 against replication. However, differential immune memory could be difficult to because reciprocal inhibitory actions between responses. To test our hypotheses, we investigated the effects biased challenges. Intranasal vaccinations were given recombinant interleukin-12 (IL-12)- IL-4-neutralizing antibody (Ab) bias, or IL-4 gamma interferon-neutralizing Ab bias. Cytokine RNA protein studies confirmed highly polarized responses induced by vaccination protocols. Survival virulent subcutaneous challenge was used assess protection. Mucosal protection assessed measuring relative inhibition replication in tissues early oral challenge, using both PCR quantitative culture techniques. As expected, only protected challenges ( P < 0.01). contrary original hypothesis, optimally as well 0.05). Type similar IgA conclude future possibly other immunity.