Divergent Simian Arteriviruses Cause Simian Hemorrhagic Fever of Differing Severities in Macaques

• DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02009-15
• Publication Date: 2017-06-02T21:47:37Z
• Authors: Victoria Wahl-Jensen; Joshua C. Johnson; Michael Lauck; Jason T. Weinfurter; Louise H. Moncla; Andrea M. Weiler; Olivia Charlier; Oscar Rojas; Russell Byrum; Dan R. Ragland; Louis Huzella; Erika Zommer; Melanie Cohen; John G. Bernbaum; Yíngyún Caì; Hannah B. Sanford; Steven Mazur; Reed F. Johnson; Jing Qin; Gustavo F. Palacios; Adam L. Bailey; Peter B. Jahrling; Tony L. Goldberg; David H. O’Connor; Thomas C. Friedrich; Jens H. Kuhn
• Keywords: Simian; Lethargy; Viral hemorrhagic fever

ABSTRACT Simian hemorrhagic fever (SHF) is a highly lethal disease in captive macaques. Three distinct arteriviruses are known etiological agents of past SHF epizootics, but only one, simian virus (SHFV), has been isolated cell culture. The natural reservoir(s) the three viruses have yet to be identified, African nonhuman primates suspected. Eleven additional divergent detected recently diverse and apparently healthy cercopithecid monkeys. Here, we report successful isolation MARC-145 culture one these viruses, Kibale red colobus 1 (KRCV-1), from serum naturally infected ( Procolobus [ Piliocolobus ] rufomitratus tephrosceles ) sampled National Park, Uganda. Intramuscular (i.m.) injection KRCV-1 into four cynomolgus macaques Macaca fascicularis resulted self-limiting nonlethal characterized by depressive behavioral changes, disturbance coagulation parameters, liver enzyme elevations. In contrast, i.m. SHFV typical mild fever, lethargy, lymphoid depletion, hepatocellular necrosis, low platelet counts, increased concentrations, abnormalities, increasing viral loads. As hypothesized based on genetic presumed antigenic distance between SHFV, all that had survived died after subsequent injection, indicating lack protective heterotypic immunity. Our data indicate likelihood can caused number arteriviruses, although with different severity depending specific arterivirus involved. Consequently, recommend current screening procedures for primate-holding facilities modified detect arteriviruses. IMPORTANCE Outbreaks devastated Asian macaque colonies past. at least family Arteriviridae : encephalitis (SHEV), Pebjah (PBJV). Nine distant relatives were discovered primates. We potential causes SHF. To test this hypothesis, inoculated (Kibale [KRCV-1]) wild Ugandan colobus. Despite being distantly related colobuses, developed disease. contrast SHFV-infected animals, KRCV-1-infected animals presentation. study advances understanding an important primate Furthermore, our need include full diversity assays.