Data from Intratumoral Microbiota Composition Regulates Chemoimmunotherapy Response in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

• DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.c.6836994.v2
• Publication Date: 2024-09-16T11:00:31Z
• Authors: Hong Wu; Xuefeng Leng; Qianshi Liu; Tianqin Mao; Tao Jiang; Yiqiang Liu; Feifei Li; Chenhui Cao; Jun Fan; Liang Chen; Yaqi Chen; Quan Yao; Shun Lu; Renchuan Liang; Lanlin Hu; Mingxin Liu; Yejian Wan; Zhaoshen Li; Jun Peng; Qiyu Luo; Hang Zhou; Jun Yin; Ke Xu; Mei Lan; Xinhao Peng; Haitao Lan; Gang Li; Yongtao Han; Xia Zhang; Zhi-Xiong Jim. Xiao; Jinyi Lang; Guihua Wang; Chuan Xu
• Keywords: Chemoimmunotherapy

<div>Abstract<p>Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy (NACI) has shown promise in the treatment of resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The microbiomes patients can impact therapy response, and previous studies have demonstrated that intestinal microbiota influences cancer immunotherapy by activating gut immunity. Here, we investigated effects intratumoral on response ESCC to NACI. Intra-tumoral signatures β-diversity were disparate predicted efficiency enrichment Streptococcus positively correlated with GrzB+ CD8+ T infiltration tumor tissues. abundance could predict prolonged disease-free survival ESCC. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) responders displayed a higher proportion effector memory cells but lower CD4+ Treg cells. Mice underwent fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) or colonization from showed tissues, elevated tumor-infiltrating cells, favorable anti-PD-1 treatment. Collectively, this study suggests NACI sheds light potential clinical utility for immunotherapy. </p></div>