A reversible database watermarking method non-redundancy shifting-based histogram gaps

• DOI: 10.1177/1550147720921769
• Publication Date: 2020-05-19T04:49:28Z
• Authors: Yan Li; Junwei Wang; Xiangyang Luo
• Keywords: Image histogram; Distortion (music)

In relational databases, embedding watermarks in integer data using traditional histogram shifting method has the problem of large distortion. To solve this problem, a reversible database watermarking without redundant distortion is proposed, taking advantage number gaps histogram. This embeds watermark bit by on basis grouping. First, an constructed with absolute value prediction error as variable. Second, positional relationship between each column and gap analyzed to find out all columns adjacent gap. Third, highest selected embedded point. Finally, group non-redundant method. Experimental results show that compared existing methods, such genetic algorithm shift gap–based watermarking, proposed no caused after forest cover type set effectively reduces rate watermarks.