Microeukaryotic communities diversity with a special emphasis on protozoa taxa in an integrated wastewater treatment system

• DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00907-8
• Publication Date: 2024-04-23T07:01:36Z
• Authors: Mahmoud Gad; Mohammed Yosri; Mariam E. Fawzy; Reda M. Moghazy; Esmat M. S. Elfeky; Mohamed A. Marouf; Mohamad A. El-Kha...
• Keywords: Environmental sciences; 0301 basic medicine; 03 medical and health sciences; Environmental law; Treatment efficacy; 18S rRNA amplicon sequencing; Multivariate statistical models; Integrated wastewater treatment system; GE1-350; Wastewater treatment; K3581-3598

Abstract This study developed an integrated wastewater treatment system that combines upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), downflow hanging non-woven fabric (DHNW), and baffled reactor (ABR) to explore the effect of stages on diversity microeukaryotic communities. aimed bridge knowledge gap regarding influence community diversity. Through 18S rRNA amplicon sequencing, we identified unique communities across different stages, with aerobic phase hosting 35.77% sequence variants (ASVs). The results principal component analysis (PCA) non-multidimensional scale (nMDS) demonstrated significant both environmental factors Ciliophora was notably abundant in effluent (42.09%) (17.11%). stage dominated by Ochrophyta, a diverse group algae instrumental nutrient removal, such as nitrogen phosphorus, through biological processes. A redundancy (RDA) revealed positive correlation between chemical biochemical oxygen demand Cryptomycotina, highlighting its potential bioindicator for efficacy. detection protozoan species, Acanthamoeba castellanii Vermamoeba vermiformis , outlet poses health risks, whereas Cryptosporidium sp. found inlet but not outlet. Our reveals complex nature implications performance public health.