Transcriptome profiling reveals the developmental regulation of NaCl-treated Forcipomyia taiwana eggs

• DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08096-x
• Publication Date: 2021-11-03T21:02:35Z
• Authors: Mu-En Chen; Mong-Hsun Tsai; Hsiang-Ting Huang; Ching-Chu Tsai; Mei-Ju Chen; Da-Syuan Yang; Teng-Zhi Yang; John Wang; Rong-Nan Huang
• Keywords: ORFS; KEGG; RNA-Seq; Ceratopogonidae; Fold change

The biting midge, Forcipomyia taiwana, is one of the most annoying blood-sucking pests in Taiwan. Current chemical control methods only target adult, not immature stages (egg to pupa), F. taiwana. Discovering new or alternative tactics enhance replace existing are urgently needed improve effectiveness taiwana control. egg least understood life stage this pest species but may offer a novel point as addition NaCl environment inhibits development. Thus, objective study was use RNA profiling better understand developmental differences between wild-type melanized (black) and NaCl-induced un-melanized (pink), infertile eggs.After de novo assembly with Trinity, 87,415 non-redundant transcripts (Ft-nr) an N50 1099 were obtained. Of these, 26,247 (30%) predicted have long open reading frames (ORFs, defined here ≥300 nt) 15,270 (17.5%) at functional domain. A comparison two biological replicates each black pink samples, although limited sample size, revealed 5898 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 40.9% ORFs) ≥2-fold difference. 2030 annotated Gene Ontology process along gene expression patterns can be separated into 5 clusters. KEGG pathway analysis that 1589 could assigned 18 significantly enriched pathways 2 main categories (metabolism environmental information processing). As expected, (88.32%) these DEGs down-regulated eggs. Surprisingly, majority associated pigmentation GO term up-regulated samples. However, key terminal melanin synthesis pathway, laccase2 DCE/yellow, down-regulated, further verified by qRT-PCR.We assembled first transcriptome for midge. Our results suggest down-regulation DCE/yellow might mechanism responsible inhibition melanization