The molecular characters and antibiotic resistance of Clostridioides difficile from economic animals in China

• DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01757-z
• Publication Date: 2020-03-30T13:03:43Z
• Authors: Wen-Zhu Zhang; Wen-Ge Li; Yu-Qing Liu; Wen-Peng Gu; Qing Zhang; Hu Li; Zheng-Jie Liu; Xin Zhang; Yuan Wu; Jin-Xing Lu
• Keywords: 0301 basic medicine; Swine; Antibiotic resistance; Veterinary medicine; Multiple drug resistance; FOS: Health sciences; Gene; Feces; Clostridioides; Antibiotics; Prevalence; 2. Zero hunger; Economic animal; Molecular Epidemiology; Clindamycin; Life Sciences; Diversity and Function of Gut Microbiome; QR1-502; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Erythromycin; 3. Good health; Infectious Diseases; Molecular epidemiology; Medicine; Research Article; China; Staphylococcus aureus; Genotype; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbiology; 03 medical and health sciences; Microbiome Diversity; Vancomycin; Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology; Metronidazole; Virology; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Health Sciences; Genetics; Animals; Molecular Biology; Biology; Antibiotics resistance; Sheep; Bacteria; Clostridioides difficile; Gastrointestinal Viral Infections and Vaccines Development; Tetracycline; Clostridium difficile Infection and Treatment; Molecular Typing; Animals, Newborn; FOS: Biological sciences; Clostridium Infections; Cattle; Parasitology; Chickens; Zoology

Abstract Background It has been performed worldwidely to explore the potential of animals that might be a reservoir for community associated human infections of Clostridioides difficile. Several genetically undistinguished PCR ribotypes of C. difficile from animals and human have been reported, illustrating potential transmission of C. difficile between them. Pig and calf were considered as the main origins of C. difficile with predominant RT078 and RT033, respectively. As more investigations involved, great diversity of molecular types from pig and calf were reported in Europe, North American and Australia. However, there were quite limited research on C. difficile isolates from meat animals in China, leading to non-comprehensive understanding of molecular epidemiology of C. difficile in China.

Results A total of 55 C. difficile were isolated from 953 animal stool samples, within which 51 strains were from newborn dairy calf less than 7 days in Shandong Province. These isolates were divided into 3 STs and 6 RTs, of which ST11/RT126 was predominant type, and responsible for majority antibiotic resistance isolates. All the isolates were resistant to at least one tested antibiotics, however, only two multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates were identified. Furthermore, erythromycin (ERY) and clindamycin (CLI) were the two main resistant antibiotics. None of the isolates were resistant to vancomycin (VAN), metronidazole (MTZ), tetracycline (TET), and rifampin (RIF).

Conclusions In this study, we analyzed the prevalence, molecular characters and antibiotic resistance of C. difficile from calf, sheep, chicken, and pig in China. Some unique features were found here: first, RT126 not RT078 were the dominant type from baby calf, and none isolates were got from pig; second, on the whole, isolates from animals display relative lower resistant rate to these 11 tested antibiotics, compared with isolates from human in China in our previous report. Our study helps to deep understanding the situation of C. difficile from economic animals in China, and to further study the potential transmission of C. difficile between meat animals and human.