Epidemiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Kazakhstan: data from unified National Electronic Health System 2014–2019

• DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01200-6
• Publication Date: 2022-11-11T07:35:26Z
• Authors: Dinara Galiyeva; Arnur Gusmanov; Yesbolat Sakko; Alpamys Issanov; Kuralay Atageldiyeva; Kainar Kadyrzhanuly; Aiymzhan Nurpeissova; Marzhan Rakhimzha...; Aigul Durmanova; Antonio Sarria-Sa...; Abduzhappar Gaipov
• Keywords: Male; Survival; Epidemiology; Coronary Artery Disease; Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology; Comorbidities; 03 medical and health sciences; 0302 clinical medicine; Risk Factors; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Diabetic Nephropathies; Mortality; Proportional Hazards Models; 2. Zero hunger; Research; Diabetes; RC648-665; Kazakhstan; 3. Good health; Stroke; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Electronics

Abstract Background We aimed to explore descriptive epidemiology of T1 and T2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and to investigate demographic factors and comorbidities associated with all-cause mortality by aggregating and utilizing large-scale administrative healthcare data from the Unified National Electronic Health System (UNEHS) of Kazakhstan for 2014–2019 years period.

Methods A total of 475,539 individuals were included in the analyses. The median years of follow-up for Type 1 DM patients accounted for 4.7 years and 4.5 years in Type 2 DM patients. We used Kaplan-Meier and log-rank test to calculate failure function and differences in survival by age, sex, ethnicity, and comorbidities with all-cause mortality for Type 1 and Type 2 DM. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to obtain crude and adjusted hazard ratios.

Results Prevalence of Type 1 and Type 2 DM increased 1.7 times from 2014 to 2019. Mortality of Type 1 and Type 2 DM also increased 4 times and 6 times from 2014 to 2019, respectively. Male sex, older age and Kazakh ethnicity were associated with a higher risk of all-cause death compared to females, younger age and other nationalities than Kazakh in patients with Type 1 and Type 2 DM. Coronary artery disease, diabetic nephropathy, stroke, amputations and neoplasms were associated with a higher risk of all-cause death.

Conclusion The prevalence and mortality rate of Type 1 and Type 2 DM increased during the years 2014–2019 in Kazakhstan. Male sex, older age and Kazakh ethnicity were associated with a higher risk of all-cause death compared to females, younger age and other nationalities than Kazakh. Coronary artery disease, diabetic nephropathy, stroke, amputations and neoplasms were associated with a higher risk of all-cause death.