Double jeopardy from the COVID-19 pandemic: risk of exposure and income loss in Portugal

• DOI: 10.1186/s12939-021-01569-1
• Publication Date: 2021-10-20T11:31:08Z
• Authors: Ana Gama; Joana Alves; Daniela Costa; Pedro A. Laires; Patrícia Soares; Ana Rita Pedro; Marta Moniz; Luísa Solinho; Carla Nunes; Sónia Dias
• Keywords: Pandemic

Abstract Background Increasing evidence indicates that the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic had immediate health and social impact, disproportionately affecting certain socioeconomic groups. Assessing inequalities in risk exposure adversities faced during is critical to inform targeted actions effectively prevent disproportionate spread reduce inequities. This study examines i) mental characteristics individuals working workplace, thus at increased exposure, ii) individual income losses resulting from across subgroups a population, confinement Portugal. Methods uses data ‘COVID-19 Barometer: Social Opinion’, community-based online survey The sample for analysis comprised n = 129,078 workers. Logistic regressions were performed estimate adjusted odds ratios (AOR) factors associated with workplace period having lost due pandemic. Results Over third participants reported confinement. was more likely among those lower [AOR 2.93 (2.64-3.25)], education 3.17 (3.04-3.30)] as employee 1.09 (1.04-1.15)]. Working positively frequent feelings agitation, anxiety or sadness 1.14 (1.09-1.20)] perception high infection 11.06 (10.53-11.61)]. About 43% respondents economic consequences affected greatly groups namely 1.36 (1.19-1.56)] 3.13 (2.47-3.96)]. Conclusions gradient impact can result an accumulated vulnerability deprived populations. seems have double effect these groups, contributing heightened disparities poor outcomes, including health. Protecting most vulnerable populations key disease mitigate deepening disparities. Action needed develop policies extensive measures reducing experiences adversity