Harnessing the potential of HLA-G in cancer therapy: advances, challenges, and prospects

• DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04938-w
• Publication Date: 2024-02-03T08:02:52Z
• Authors: Siyuan Wang; Jiaxin Wang; Yu Xia; Le Zhang; Yueqiang Jiang; Man Liu; Qinglei Gao; Cuntai Zhang
• Keywords: Immune checkpoint; HLA-G

Abstract Immune checkpoint blockades have been prized in circumventing and ablating the impediments posed by immunosuppressive receptors, reaching an exciting juncture to be innovator anticancer therapy beyond traditional therapeutics. Thus far, approved immune principally targeted PD-1/PD-L1 CTLA-4 with success a plethora of tumors yet are still trapped dilemmas limited response rates adverse effects. Hence, unveiling new immunotherapeutic targets has aroused immense scientific interest hope expanding clinical application scale heights. Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G), non-classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule, is enriched on various malignant cells involved hindrance effector facilitation cells. HLA-G stands out as crucial next-generation showing great promise for benefit cancer patients. Here, we provide overview current understanding expression pattern immunological functions HLA-G, well its interaction well-characterized checkpoints. Since can shed from cell surface or released free soluble (sHLA-G) part extracellular vesicles (EVs), namely HLA-G-bearing EVs (HLA-G EV ), discuss potential sHLA-G predictive biomarkers. This review also addresses advancement HLA-G-based therapies preclinical settings, focus their cancer.