Cross-kingdom inhibition of bacterial virulence and communication by probiotic yeast metabolites

• DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01027-8
• Publication Date: 2021-03-24T16:04:52Z
• Authors: Orit Malka; Dorin Kalson; Karin Yaniv; Reut Shafir; Manikandan Rajendran; Oshrit Ben-David; Ariel Kushmaro; Michael M. Meijler; Raz Jelinek
• Keywords: 0301 basic medicine; Virulence; Research; Communication; Probiotics; QR100-130; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; 3. Good health; Microbial ecology; Quorum sensing; Kluyveromyces; 03 medical and health sciences; Bacterial Proteins; Probiotic microorganisms; Biofilms; Kluyveromyces marxianus; Humans; Microbiome; Vibrio cholerae

Abstract Background Probiotic milk-fermented microorganism mixtures (e.g., yogurt, kefir) are perceived as contributing to human health, and possibly capable of protecting against bacterial infections. Co-existence probiotic microorganisms likely maintained via complex biomolecular mechanisms, secreted metabolites mediating cell-cell communication, other yet-unknown biochemical pathways. In particular, deciphering molecular mechanisms by which inhibit proliferation pathogenic bacteria would be highly important for understanding both the potential benefits foods well maintenance healthy gut microbiome. Results The microbiome a unique mixture was determined, revealing predominance fungus Kluyveromyces marxianus . We further identified new fungus-secreted metabolite—tryptophol acetate—which inhibits communication virulence. discovered that tryptophol acetate blocks quorum sensing (QS) several Gram-negative bacteria, particularly Vibrio cholerae , prominent pathogen. Notably, this is first report production yeast role molecule signaling agent. Furthermore, underscoring anti-QS anti-virulence activities were elucidated, specifically down- or upregulation distinct genes associated with V. QS virulence Conclusions This study illuminates yet-unrecognized mechanism cross-kingdom inhibition in mixture. A newly molecule—tryptophol acetate—was shown disrupt pathways pathogen cholerae. Cross-kingdom interference may play roles enabling co-existence multi-population environments, such discovery account properties could aid elucidating health products bacterially diseases.