Herpes simplex virus–1 encephalitis can trigger anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: Case report

• DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182a9f531
• Publication Date: 2013-10-03T01:34:27Z
• Authors: Frank Leypoldt; Maarten J. Titulaer; Esther Aguilar; Janine Walther; Marlene Bönstrup; Stefanie Havemeister; Bianca Teegen; Marc Lütgehetmann; Michael Rosenkranz; Tim Magnus; Josep Dalmau
• Keywords: Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis; Male; Young Adult; 03 medical and health sciences; 0302 clinical medicine; Humans; Encephalitis, Viral; Herpesvirus 1, Human; 3. Good health

Relapsing symptoms post herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV) encephalitis (HSVE) usually occur a few weeks after viral therapy and represent either 1) true relapse of HSVE (CSF PCR positive for HSV, new necrotic lesions on brain MRI, response to acyclovir therapy) or 2) disorder postulated be immune-mediated negative no lesions, acyclovir).1,2 It has been suggested that this may related NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antibodies,3 we recently reported child in whom relapsing were the presentation anti-NMDAR encephalitis.4 We report an adult with disorder, demonstrate synthesis NMDAR antibodies began HSVE, show due steroid-responsive encephalitis.