Preliminary assessment of adjuvant activities of Glycine Max (L.) Merr saponin extract in BALB/c mice immunized with hepatitis B virus vaccine

• DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.138418.1
• Publication Date: 2023-09-13T10:50:39Z
• Authors: Faith Ndung'u; Steven Nyanjom; Samuel Omari; Eunice Wainaina; Robinson Mugasiali; James Kimotho
• Keywords: 0303 health sciences; 03 medical and health sciences; 3. Good health

<ns4:p><ns4:bold>Background: </ns4:bold>Vaccine adjuvants are used to increase the immunogenicity of weak antigens. Some saponins have adjuvant effects that exerted via their immune-stimulatory and production cytokines. Soybean (<ns4:italic>Glycine max (L.) Merr.)</ns4:italic> contains could provide affordable vaccine adjuvants. This study aimed assess effect saponin extracts soybean on immune system in BALB/c mice immunized with hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg).</ns4:p><ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Methods: </ns4:bold>Saponins were extracted from meal presence confirmed by foam generation Fourier-transform infrared methods. A total 51 triplicate 50 µL various regimens concentrations either HBV vaccine<ns4:sup> </ns4:sup>or HBsAg. The plasma anti-HBsAg antibody titre was determined using an enzyme immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 14 days post-immunization. Gene expression levels interleukin-6 (IL-6) tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), haematological profile blood samples determined.</ns4:p><ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Results: </ns4:bold>When two immunogens co-administered extract, response slightly higher (0.799 <ns4:underline>+</ns4:underline> 0.013 for HBsAg 0.758 0.012 vaccine) than Revac alone. However, this difference not statistically significant <ns4:italic>(p-value </ns4:italic>&gt; 0.467, 0.416 respectively)<ns4:italic>. </ns4:italic>Unexpectedly, expressed less IL-6 untreated (0.603- 1.469-fold change transcription (FCT), respectively). Mice treated TNF-α group (28.84 –and 1.00 FCT respectively) while adding extract significantly reduced <ns4:italic>(p </ns4:italic>&lt; 0.063<ns4:italic>).</ns4:italic> Administration neutrophil (<ns4:italic>P-value</ns4:italic> = 0.027) platelet (<ns4:italic>p-value</ns4:italic> &gt; 0.592) counts.</ns4:p><ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Conclusions: </ns4:bold>The demonstrated lacked marked activity vaccine, suppressed promoted TNF-α.</ns4:p>