Unveiling the Group A Streptococcus Vaccine-Based L-Rhamnose from Backbone of Group A Carbohydrate: Current Insight Against Acute Rheumatic Fever to Reduce the Global Burden of Rheumatic Heart Disease

• DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.144903.1
• Publication Date: 2024-02-22T12:11:08Z
• Authors: Ade Meidian Ambari; Dwita Rian Desandri; Bambang Dwiputra; Basuni Radi; Faqrizal Ria Qhabibi; Pirel Aulia Baravia; Indira Kalyana Makes
• Keywords: Open peer review; Rhamnose; Acute rheumatic fever; Group A

<ns3:p>Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a widely distributed bacterium that Gram-positive and serves as the primary cause of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) episodes. Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) sequela resulting from repeated ARF attacks which are also caused by GAS infections. ARF/RHD morbidity mortality rates incredibly high in low- middle-income countries. This closely related to poor levels sanitation causes enhanced incidence Management carditis RHD cases quite challenging, particularly developing countries, considering medical treatment only palliative, while definitive often requires more invasive procedures with costs. Preventive action through vaccination against infection one most effective steps solution reducing due curative treatments expensive. Various developments M-protein-based vaccines have been carried out over last few decades recently begun enter clinical stage. Nevertheless, this generates cross-reactive antibodies might trigger assaults result resemblance between M-protein structure proteins found many human tissues. Consequently, development vaccine utilizing L-Rhamnose derived poly-rhamnose backbone Group Carbohydrate (GAC) commenced. The L-Rhamnose-based was chosen absence Rhamnose biosynthesis pathway mammalian cells including humans thus molecule not any body tissue. Recent pre-clinical studies reveal provide protective effect increasing IgG antibody titers without causing test animal These findings demonstrate possesses strong immunogenicity, effectively protects maintaining significantly higher degree safety.</ns3:p>