The Genomes of the Fungal Plant Pathogens Cladosporium fulvum and Dothistroma septosporum Reveal Adaptation to Different Hosts and Lifestyles But Also Signatures of Common Ancestry

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003088
• Publication Date: 2012-11-29T22:30:02Z
• Authors: Pierre J. G. M. d...; Ate van der Burgt; Bilal Ökmen; Ioannis Stergiopo...; Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam; Andrea L. Aerts; Ali H. Bahkali; Henriek G. Beenen; Pranav Chettri; Murray P. Cox; Erwin Datema; Ronald P. de Vries; Braham Dhillon; Austen R. Ganley; Scott A. Griffiths; Yanan Guo; Richard C. Hamelin; Bernard Henrissat; M. Shahjahan Kabir; Mansoor Karimi Ja...; Gert Kema; Sylvia Klaubauf; Alla Lapidus; Anthony Levasseur; Erika Lindquist; Rahim Mehrabi; Robin A. Ohm; Timothy J. Owen; Asaf Salamov; Arne Schwelm; Elio Schijlen; Hui Sun; Harrold A. van de...; Roeland C. H. J. ...; Shuguang Zhang; Stephen B. Goodwin; Igor V. Grigoriev; Jérôme Collemare; Rosie E. Bradshaw
• Keywords: Cladosporium; Host adaptation

We sequenced and compared the genomes of Dothideomycete fungal plant pathogens Cladosporium fulvum (Cfu) (syn. Passalora fulva) Dothistroma septosporum (Dse) that are closely related phylogenetically, but have different lifestyles hosts. Although both fungi grow extracellularly in close contact with host mesophyll cells, Cfu is a biotroph infecting tomato, while Dse hemibiotroph pine. The these similar set genes (70% gene content homologs), differ significantly size (Cfu >61.1-Mb; 31.2-Mb), which mainly due to difference repeat (47.2% versus 3.2% Dse). Recent adaptation hosts suggested by diverged sets genes. contains an α-tomatinase we predict might be required for detoxification tomatine, this absent Dse. Many encoding secreted proteins unique each species repeat-rich areas enriched species-specific In contrast, conserved suggest common ancestry. Homologs effector genes, including Ecp2 Avr4, present induce Cf-Ecp2- Cf-4-mediated hypersensitive response, respectively. Strikingly, involved production toxin dothistromin, likely virulence factor Dse, Cfu, their expression differs markedly essentially no planta. Likewise, has carbohydrate-degrading enzyme catalog more necrotrophs or hemibiotrophs larger pectinolytic arsenal than many not expressed planta pseudogenized. Overall, comparison suggests had ancestral since adapted combination differentiated content, pseudogenization, regulation.