Mosquito Feeding Assays to Determine the Infectiousness of Naturally Infected Plasmodium falciparum Gametocyte Carriers

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042821
• Publication Date: 2012-08-22T21:29:28Z
• Authors: Teun Bousema; Rhoel R. Dinglasan; Isabelle Morlais; Louis C. Gouagna; Travis van Warmerdam; Parfait H. Awono-...; Sarah Bonnet; Mouctar Diallo; Mamadou Coulibaly; Timoléon Tchuinkam; Bert Mulder; Geoff Targett; Chris Drakeley; Colin Sutherland; Vincent Robert; Ogobara Doumbo; Yeya Touré; Patricia M. Graves; Will Roeffen; Robert Sauerwein; Ashley Birkett; Emily Locke; Merribeth Morin; Yimin Wu; Thomas S. Churcher
• Keywords: moustique; Adult; Male; 571; Adolescent; [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]; Science; Plasmodium falciparum; malaria; gametocyte;malaria;skin infections; test cutané; Young Adult; 03 medical and health sciences; 0302 clinical medicine; Anopheles; sang; Animals; Humans; Malaria, Falciparum; Child; Q; R; Infant; plasma sanguin; Middle Aged; maladie parasitaire; infection; skin infections; Insect Vectors; 3. Good health; [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]; paludisme; gametocyte; Child, Preschool; Medicine; Female; N4i 3: Poverty-related infectious diseases NCMLS 1: Infection and autoimmunity; Research Article

In the era of malaria elimination and eradication, drug-based and vaccine-based approaches to reduce malaria transmission are receiving greater attention. Such interventions require assays that reliably measure the transmission of Plasmodium from humans to Anopheles mosquitoes.WE COMPARED TWO COMMONLY USED MOSQUITO FEEDING ASSAY PROCEDURES: direct skin feeding assays and membrane feeding assays. Three conditions under which membrane feeding assays are performed were examined: assays with i) whole blood, ii) blood pellets resuspended with autologous plasma of the gametocyte carrier, and iii) blood pellets resuspended with heterologous control serum.930 transmission experiments from Cameroon, The Gambia, Mali and Senegal were included in the analyses. Direct skin feeding assays resulted in higher mosquito infection rates compared to membrane feeding assays (odds ratio 2.39, 95% confidence interval 1.94-2.95) with evident heterogeneity between studies. Mosquito infection rates in membrane feeding assays and direct skin feeding assays were strongly correlated (p<0.0001). Replacing the plasma of the gametocyte donor with malaria naïve control serum resulted in higher mosquito infection rates compared to own plasma (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.68-2.19) while the infectiousness of gametocytes may be reduced during the replacement procedure (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.52-0.70).Despite a higher efficiency of direct skin feeding assays, membrane feeding assays appear suitable tools to compare the infectiousness between individuals and to evaluate transmission-reducing interventions. Several aspects of membrane feeding procedures currently lack standardization; this variability makes comparisons between laboratories challenging and should be addressed to facilitate future testing of transmission-reducing interventions.