Soybean Oil Is More Obesogenic and Diabetogenic than Coconut Oil and Fructose in Mouse: Potential Role for the Liver

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132672
• Publication Date: 2015-07-22T17:45:14Z
• Authors: Poonamjot Deol; Jane R. Evans; Joseph Dhahbi; Karthikeyani Chel...; Diana S. Han; Stephen Spindler; Frances M. Sladek
• Keywords: Coconut oil; Soybean oil; Unsaturated fat; Diet-induced obese

The obesity epidemic in the U.S. has led to extensive research into potential contributing dietary factors, especially fat and fructose. Recently, increased consumption of soybean oil, which is rich polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), been proposed play a causal role epidemic. Here, we designed series four isocaloric diets (HFD, SO-HFD, F-HFD, F-SO-HFD) investigate effects saturated versus unsaturated fat, as well fructose, on diabetes. C57/BL6 male mice fed diet moderately high from coconut oil (SO-HFD, 40% kcal total fat) showed statistically significant increases weight gain, adiposity, diabetes, glucose intolerance insulin resistance compared consisting primarily (HFD). They also had livers with hepatocyte ballooning very large lipid droplets shorter colonic crypt length. While fructose (F-HFD) did not cause much or diabetes it rectal prolapse liver, but no balloon injury. (with without fructose) spleen while presence kidney weight. Metabolomics analysis liver an accumulation PUFAs their metabolites γ-tocopherol, decrease cholesterol SO-HFD. Liver transcriptomics revealed global dysregulation cytochrome P450 (Cyp) genes SO-HFD HFD livers, most notably Cyp3a Cyp2c families. Other involved (e.g., Cidec, Cd36), (Igfbp1), inflammation (Cd63), mitochondrial function (Pdk4) cancer (H19) were upregulated by diet. Taken together, our results indicate that more detrimental metabolic health than oil.