Increasing atmospheric CO2 and canopy temperature induces anatomical and physiological changes in leaves of the C4 forage species Panicum maximum

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212506
• Publication Date: 2019-02-19T18:44:24Z
• Authors: Eduardo Habermann; Juca Abramo Barre...; Daniele Ribeiro C...; Vitor Potenza Bossan; Anelize Barboza; Marcia Regina Braga; Milton Groppo; Carlos Alberto Ma...
• Keywords: Stomatal Conductance

Changes in leaf anatomy and ultrastructure are associated with physiological performance the context of plant adaptations to climate change. In this study, we investigated isolated combined effects elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) up 600 μmol mol-1 (eC) temperature (eT) 2°C more than ambient canopy on ultrastructure, anatomy, physiology Panicum maximum Jacq. grown under field conditions using free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) controlled enhancement (T-FACE) systems. Plants eC showed reduced stomatal density, index, conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), increased soil-water content (SWC) conservation adaxial epidermis thickness were also observed. The net photosynthesis (A) intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) enhanced by 25% 71%, respectively, a concomitant increase size starch grains bundle sheath cells. Under air warming, observed an cuticle decrease thickness, vascular bundles bulliform cells, content. eCeT, warming offset SWC E, no interactions between [CO2] for Elevated exerted external characteristics, such as gas exchange, while affected mainly structure. We conclude that differential anatomical adjustments contributed acclimation P. growing improving biomass production these conditions.