Widespread insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti L. from New Mexico, U.S.A.

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212693
• Publication Date: 2019-02-22T19:08:56Z
• Authors: Yashoda Kandel; Julia Vulcan; Stacy D. Rodriguez; Emily Moore; Hae-Na Chung; Soumi Mitra; Joel J. Cordova; Kalli J. L. Martinez; Alex S. Moon; Aditi Kulkarni; Paul Ettestad; Sandra Melman; Jiannong Xu; Michaela Buenemann; Kathryn A. Hanley; Immo A. Hansen
• Keywords: Mosquito control; Insecticide Resistance

Background Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are vectors of a variety emerging viral pathogens, including yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya, and Zika virus. This species has established endemic populations in all cities across southern New Mexico sampled to date. Presently, control Aedes-borne viruses relies on deployment insecticides suppress mosquito populations, but the evolution insecticide resistance threatens success vector programs. While is quite common Ae. field much U.S., status this from not previously been assessed. Results First, we collected information pesticide use found that most commonly used active ingredients were pyrethroids. The with same mode-of-action over multiple years likely promote resistance. To determine if there was evidence some Mexico, laboratory strains assess pyrethroid and, for subset organophosphate insecticides. F2 or F4 generation assessed using bottle test bioassays. majority analyzed resistant pyrethroids permethrin deltamethrin. A notable exception trend Alamogordo, city did report control. We screened individuals each population known knock down (kdr) mutations via PCR strong association between presences F1534C kdr mutation para gene (homologue Musca domestica L.) Conclusion High-level geographic variation such associated usage Resistance monitoring management recommended light potential arbovirus outbreaks state. Also, alternative approaches do involve should be explored.