Evolution of Deeper Rooting 1-like homoeologs in wheat entails the C-terminus mutations as well as gain and loss of auxin response elements

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214145
• Publication Date: 2019-04-04T17:29:14Z
• Authors: Almas Ashraf; Obaid Ur Rehman; Shumaila Muzammil; Jens Léon; Ali Ahmed Naz; Fatima Rasool; Ghulam Muhammad Ali; Yusuf Zafar; Muhammad Ramzan Khan
• Keywords: 0301 basic medicine; 2. Zero hunger; Base Sequence; Indoleacetic Acids; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Science; Q; Amino Acid Motifs; R; Hordeum; Response Elements; Plant Roots; Introns; Evolution, Molecular; 03 medical and health sciences; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Mutation; Medicine; Amino Acid Sequence; RNA, Messenger; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Triticum; Research Article; Plant Proteins

Root growth angle (RGA) in response to gravity controlled by auxin is a pertinent target trait for obtainment of higher yield cereals. But molecular basis this root architecture remain obscure wheat and barley. We selected four cultivars two each barley unveil the genetic mechanism Deeper Rooting 1-like gene which controls RGA rice leading under drought imposition. Morphological analyses revealed deeper vertically oriented "NARC 2009" variety than "Galaxy" other "Scarlet" "ISR42-8". Three new homoeologs designated as TaANDRO1-like, TaBNDRO1-like TaDNDRO1-like corresponding A, B D genomes could be isolated from 2009". Due frameshift intronization/exonization events structures these paralogs exhibit variations size. DRO1-like genes with five distinct domains prevail diverse plant phyla mosses angiosperms but lower plants their differentiation LAZY, NGR TAC1 (root shoot genes) enigmatic. Instead IGT denominator motif family, C-terminus WxxTD V-domain proposed family specific motif. The EAR-like IVLEM at TaADRO1-like TaDDRO1-like that diverged KLHTLIPNK TaBDRO1-like HvDRO1-like hallmark proteins. Split-YFP yeast hybrid assays complemented interaction TaDRO1-like TOPLESS—a repressor regulated promoting plants—through IVLEM/KLHTLIPNK Quantitative RT-PCR abundance RNA tips spikelets while transcript signals were barely detectable leaf tissues. Interestingly, exhibited stronger expression (HvDRO1-like), was least expressing among three paralogs. underlying cause divergence seems presence AuxRE TGTCTC core TGTC coupling AuxRE-like ATTTTCTT proximal transcriptional start site promoters. This evident binding ARF1 motifs one-hybrid assay. Thus, evolution might incorporate mutations well gain loss AuxREs cis-regulatory elements during divergence. Since an important crop improvement, therefore have potential applications breeding enhancement productivity use modern genome editing approaches.