Cytogenetics, genomics and biodiversity of the South American and African Arapaimidae fish family (Teleostei, Osteoglossiformes)

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214225
• Publication Date: 2019-03-25T17:31:43Z
• Authors: Ezequiel Aguiar d...; Luiz Antonio Carl...; Petr Rab; Tariq Ezaz; Cassia Fernanda Yano; Terumi Hatanaka; Oladele Ilesanmi ...; Alongklod Tanomtong; Thomas Liehr; Alexandr Sember; Sandra Regina Mar...; Eliana Feldberg; Patrik Ferreira V...; Marcelo de Bello ...
• Keywords: Molecular cytogenetics; Comparative genomic hybridization; Teleostei

Osteoglossiformes represents one of the most ancestral teleost lineages, currently widespread over almost all continents, except for Antarctica. However, data involving advanced molecular cytogenetics or comparative genomics are yet largely limited this fish group. Therefore, present investigations focus on osteoglossiform family Arapaimidae, studying a unique model group with cytogenetic genomic tools. The aim is to better explore and clarify certain events factors that had impact evolutionary history For that, both South American African representatives namely Arapaima gigas Heterotis niloticus, were examined. Both species differed markedly by diploid chromosome numbers, 2n = 56 found in A. 40 exhibited H. niloticus. Conventional along fluorescence situ hybridization revealed some general trends shared analyzed thus far, such as presence only pair bearing 18S 5S rDNA sites karyotypes dominated acrocentric chromosomes, resembling patterns hypothetical karyotype. Furthermore, genomes niloticus display remarkable divergence terms repetitive DNA content distribution, (CGH). On other hand, diversity single copy sequences studied through principal component analyses (PCA) based SNP alleles genotyped DArT seq procedure demonstrated very low genetic distance between Arapaimidae species; pattern contrasts sharply scenario species. Underlying mechanisms potentially explaining obtained have been suggested discussed.