Clinical and molecular markers in retinal detachment—From hyperreflective points to stem cells and inflammation

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217548
• Publication Date: 2019-06-11T17:25:42Z
• Authors: Natasha Josifovska; Xhevat Lumi; Mária Szatmari-Tóth; Endre Kristóf; Greg Russell; Richárd Nagymihály; Natalia Anisimova; Boris Malyugin; Miriam Kolko; Domagoj Ivastinović; Goran Petrovski
• Keywords: Nestin; Stem cell marker

Purpose Retinal detachment (RD) is one of the most frequently diagnosed ophthalmologic conditions requiring prompt surgical intervention. Combination proper technique and new diagnostic markers, both clinical molecular, can help improve diagnosis prognosis RD treatment. Methods 12 patients with rhegmatogenous (rRD) were included into study after obtaining patient consent Regional Ethical Approval (average age: 58.1 ± 17.4 years). OCT was performed before 23G vitrectomy for RD. Pure subretinal fluid (SRF) collected during surgery analyzed by protein array profiling on a panel 105 inflammatory cytokines (Human XL Cytokine Array), while effect SRF upon human macrophages-driven phagocytosis apoptotic retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells ex vivo quantified flow cytometry. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) retinectomized tissue due to PVR caused determine presence markers microglial (CD34), macrophages activated microglia (CD68), regulator immune response infection (NFkB), progenitor stem cell marker (Sox2), pluripotency (Oct4) intermediate filament (GFAP Nestin). Results fresh contained pre-operatively hyper reflective points (HRPs) at detached neuroretina border proximal RPE layer—their size number decreased following successful reattachment surgery. IHC from retina severe showed conglomerates which positive CD68, NFkB, Sox2 GFAP, less CD47 Nestin negative Oct4 CD34. The least 37 higher, 4 cytokine lower concentration compared that in vitreous non-RD pathology; when used as conditional medium vivo, doubled their capacity engulfing dying RPEs. Conclusions Fresh be hallmarked HRPs OCT; decrease surgery, likely resemble macrophage seen IHC. contains progenitor/stem-like signs reaction, other factors increase ability professional phagocytes engulf RPE, or matter, retina.