Camera traps unable to determine whether plasticine models of caterpillars reliably measure bird predation

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308431
• Publication Date: 2025-03-06T18:28:31Z
• Authors: Laura Schillé; Nattan Plat; Luc Barbaro; Hervé Jactel; Frédéric Raspail; Jean-Baptiste Rivoal; Bastien Castagneyrol; Anna Mrazova
• Keywords: Plasticine; Insectivore; Aposematism

Sampling methods that are both scientifically rigorous and ethical cornerstones of any experimental biological research. Since its introduction 30 years ago, the method using plasticine prey to quantify predation pressure has become increasingly popular in biology. However, recent studies have questioned accuracy method, suggesting misinterpretation predator bite marks artificiality models may bias results. Yet, per se might not be a methodological issue as soon statistical distribution samples is even, quantifiable, thus correctable quantitative analyses. In this study, we focus on avian lepidopteran larvae models, which one most extensively studied predator-prey interactions across diverse ecosystems worldwide. We compared bird caterpillar dead caterpillars similar size color, camera traps assess actual events evaluate observer identifying posteriori. The question whether reliably measure insectivorous remained unanswered, for two reasons: (1) even evaluation experienced observers posterior assessment was subjective some extent, (2) failed reflect rates assessed by observers, partly because they could only record evidence presence rather than events. Camera detected more clues fake underestimate foraging activity insectivores. real corpses probably also compromised losses other predators, likely ants. Given uncertainties limitations revealed current absence effective monitoring methods, it remains simpler, cost-effective, ethical, reliable keep predation. important continue developing improved technologies better refine these order advance research field.