Transcriptionally active nasopharyngeal commensals and opportunistic microbial dynamics define mild symptoms in the COVID 19 vaccination breakthroughs

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011160
• Publication Date: 2023-02-17T18:33:13Z
• Authors: Priti Devi; Pallawi Kumari; Aanchal Yadav; Bansidhar Tarai; Sandeep Budhiraja; Uzma Shamim; Rajesh Pandey
• Keywords: Commensalism

The development of COVID 19 vaccines as an effort to mitigate the outbreak, has saved millions lives globally. However, vaccination breakthroughs have continuously challenged vaccines’ effectiveness and provided incentives explore facets holding potential alter vaccination-induced immunity protection from subsequent infection, especially VOCs (Variants Of Concern). We explored functional dynamics nasopharyngeal transcriptionally active microbes (TAMs) between unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. Microbial taxonomic communities were differentially altered with skewed enrichment bacterial class/genera Firmicutes Gammaproteobacteria grossly reduced phylum Bacteroidetes in breakthrough Bacillus genus was abundant whereas Prevotella among Bacteroides dominated unvaccinated. Also, Pseudomonas Salmonella overrepresented breakthrough, whilst showed presence several genera, Achromobacter , Bordetella Burkholderia Neisseria Hemophilus belonging Proteobacteria. At species level, microbiota exhibited relatively higher abundance unique commensals, comparison opportunistic patients’ microbiota. Functional metabolic pathways like amino acid biosynthesis, sulphate assimilation, fatty beta oxidation, associated generation SCFAs (short chain acids), enriched breakthroughs. Majorly, LCFAs biosynthesis (long acids; oleate, dodecenoate, palmitoleate, gondoate) found Our research highlights that decreases microbial diversity terms depleting pathogens increasing preponderance commensals respect patients. Metabolic pathway analysis substantiates shift functionally modulate immune response generation, which may be related mild clinical manifestations faster recovery times during