Life history of the ctenostome bryozoan Flustrellidra hispida in the White Sea

• DOI: 10.15298/invertzool.16.4.03
• Publication Date: 2020-02-29T23:27:47Z
• Authors: A. Yu. Kvach; M. A. Varfolomeeva; O. N. Kotenko; A. A. Sukhotin; V. A. Kutiumov; A. V. Grischenko; A. I. Granovitch; A. N. Ostrovsky
• Keywords: White (mutation)

The life history of the ctenostome bryozoan Flustrellidra hispida living intertidally on brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum in White Sea has been studied for first time using colony mapping.Statistical analyses composition (zooidal categories, states) encompassed budding, feeding, reproduction, polypide recycling and zooidal dormancy.This enabled documenting overall population status at a much better resolution than traditional methodology.In ice-free period correlated with size rather season.F. begins to breed earlier year all other species whose histories have Sea, finishes last.Four generations co-exist.Young colonies appear early spring (March) reproduce autumn (thus, yielding daughter generation).Overwintered those two produce larvae settlement continues from (October) following year, break August.This yields young granddaughter generations.Those that formed (together maternal colonies), thus adding great-granddaughter generation.Maximal lifespan is about 2.5 years.Using published data, we compare F. traits different geographical areas discuss Sea.