Tunnels in sands: the effect of size, depth and volume loss on greenfield displacements

• DOI: 10.1680/geot.10.p.047
• Publication Date: 2012-04-18T02:23:55Z
• Authors: A.M. MARSHALL; R. FARRELL; A. KLAR; R. MAIR
• Keywords: Centrifuge; Settlement (finance); Trough (economics)

This paper examines the effect that tunnel size, depth and volume loss have on greenfield soil displacements above tunnels in sandy ground. The results of a series plane-strain centrifuge tests performed dry silica sand are examined. cover-to-diameter ratio, C/D, ranged from 1·3 to 4·4. Features settlement trough shape, both surface subsurface, illustrated by examining displacement data obtained using an image-based deformation measurement technique. effects demonstrated, suitability typical fitting curves is discussed. complex volumetric behaviour drained comparing with experienced soil. A set equations developed provide method evaluating change shape loss.