Cellular and Humoral Immunity and Infection Responses to SARS-CoV-2:Immune Biomolecular Mechanisms by Case Study within SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis and Other Infections

• DOI: 10.20944/preprints202212.0418.v2
• Publication Date: 2022-12-27T12:42:23Z
• Authors: Brent Brown; Vanshika Ojha; Ingo Fricke; Michael Green; Chinua Imarogbe; Suhaila A. Al-She...; Tanya Gravier; Lori Peterson; Ivoyl Koutsaroff
• Keywords: immunology; 3. Good health

The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was caused by a positive sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, other human coronaviruses (hCoVs) exist, of which Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and SARS-CoV (SARS) showed higher mortality rates without causing pandemic. As December 2022, SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in over 6.6 million deaths worldwide through an array to chronic pathologies. Historical pandemics include smallpox influenza with efficacious therapeutics utilized reduce overall disease burden. Therefore, immune system process analysis is required compare innate adaptive interactions. Lymphatic organs bone marrow thymus using network nodes throughout white blood cells traverse glycolipid membranes utilizing cytokines chemokine gradients that affect cell development, differentiation, proliferation, migration processes as well genetic factors affecting receptor expression. Innate involve antigen-presenting B lymphocyte cellular responses pathogens relevant viral bacterial infections but also oncogenic diseases. Such utilize cluster differentiation (CD) marker expression, major histocompatibility complexes (MHC), pleiotropic interleukins (IL) chemokines. consists Natural Killer (NK) T cells. Other viruses are contributory cancer including papillomavirus (cervical carcinoma ), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) ( lymphoma), hepatitis C (hepatocellular carcinoma) leukemia virus-1 (adult T-cell leukemia). Bacterial increase the risk developing cancer( e.g. H. pylori). above can cause both morbidity along-side being transmitted within clinical community settings, it appropriate now examine advances single sequencing, FACS many laboratory techniques allow insights into discoveries newer types. These developments offer improved clarity understanding over-lap known autoimmune conditions could be affected or infection. Thus, this review quantifies outlines nature specific receptors proteins laboratories medical research documenting current immunology case study data pathologies date.