Progress on Understanding Metabolic Syndrome, and Knowledge of Its Complex Pathophysiology

• DOI: 10.20944/preprints202303.0211.v1
• Publication Date: 2023-03-14T01:24:02Z
• Authors: Birendra Kumar Jha; Mohammad Imran; Yousuf Mohammed; Laxmi Akhileshwar...; Keshav Raj Paudel; Saurav Kumar Jha
• Keywords: Dyslipidemia; Pathophysiology

The metabolic syndrome, first introduced by Hermann Haller in 1975, was sometimes also known as insulin resistance syndrome X, and plurimetabolic syndrome. In 1989 it rechristened Kaplan "Deadly Quartet" based on a consolidation of central obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, systemic hypertension. Metabolic is positively associated with pro-inflammatory pro-thrombotic state, attributed to increased inflammatory markers activity. Moreover, frequently atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, hyperuricemia, obstructive sleep apnea, chronic kidney disease. Despite concerted endeavors worldwide, the complexity pathophysiology still not clearly understood. Currently, therapeutic possibilities are confined individual therapy hyperglycemia, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, regular physical exercise, restricted diet.