­Rotavirus group A genotype circulation patterns across Kenya before and after nationwide vaccine introduction, 2010-2018

• DOI: 10.21203/rs.2.24781/v1
• Publication Date: 2020-02-27T22:41:33Z
• Authors: Mike Mwanga; Betty Owor; John Ocheing; Mwanajuma Ngama; Billy Ogwel; Clayton Onyango; Jane Juma; Regina Njeru; Elijah Gicheru; Grieven Otieno; Sammy Khagayi; Charles Agoti; Godfrey Bigogo; Richard Omore; Yaw Addo; Seheri Mapaseka; Jacqueline Tate; Umesh Parashar; Elizabeth Hunsperger; Jennifer Verani; Robert Breiman; James Nokes
• Keywords: Rotavirus vaccine; Acute gastroenteritis; Group A

Abstract Background: Kenya introduced the monovalent G1P[8] Rotarix® vaccine into infant immunization schedule in July 2014. We examined trends rotavirus group A (RVA) genotype distribution pre- (January 2010 - June 2014) and post- (July 2014-December 2018) RVA introduction.Methods: Stool samples were collected from children aged <13 years four surveillance sites across Kenya: Kilifi County Hospital, Tabitha Clinic, Lwak Mission Siaya Referral Hospital (children <5 only). Samples screened for using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) G P genes sequenced to infer genotypes.Results: genotyped 614 pre-vaccine 261 post-vaccine introduction periods. During period, most frequent genotypes (45.8%), G8P[4] (15.8%), G9P[8] (13.2%), G2P[4] (7.0%) G3P[6] (3.1%). In (52.1%), (20.7%) G3P[8] (16.1%). Predominant varied by year site both pre Temporal patterns showed an increase prevalence of heterotypic commonly DS-1-like (7.0 20.7%, <.001) (1.3 16.1%, P< .001) period. Additionally, we observed a decline (15.8 0.4%, (13.2 5.4%, period.Conclusion: Genotype before after introduction. Such observations emphasize need long-term monitor impact. These changes may represent natural secular variation or possible immuno-epidemiological arising vaccine. Full length sequencing could provide insights evolutionary pressures antigenic diversity.