SARS-CoV-2 surrogate (Phi6) environmental persistence within free-living amoebae

• DOI: 10.2166/wh.2021.167
• Publication Date: 2021-09-24T12:02:31Z
• Authors: Rafik Dey; Elena Dlusskaya; Nicholas J. Ashbolt
• Keywords: 0303 health sciences; environmental persistence; SARS-CoV-2; apoptosis; transmission; COVID-19; 3. Good health; mitochondria; sars-cov-2; 03 medical and health sciences; bacteriophage phi6; Viruses; Humans; Bacteriophages; free-living amoebae; Public aspects of medicine; RA1-1270; Amoeba

Abstract The reported persistence of SARS-CoV-2 virions in aquatic environments highlights the need to better understand potential mechanisms that may prolong its dissemination. We evaluated the possibility that amoebae might serve as transport hosts by studying the interaction of the enveloped bacteriophage Phi6, as a potential surrogated along with one of the most common amoebae in engineered aquatic environments, Vermamoeba vermiformis. Using microscopy, imaging flow cytometry and bacteriophage cell culture, our results imply that the SARS-CoV-2 surrogate triggers amoebic mitochondria and induced apoptosis to promote viral persistence in trophozoites. Furthermore, virus-infected amoebae were still infectious after 2 months within FLA cysts. These results suggest that amoebae could contribute to the environmental persistence of SARS-CoV-2, including disinfection processes. In addition, amoebae could be a successful model system for understanding respiratory virus-eukaryotic biology at the cellular and molecular levels.