Circulating C-Peptide Levels in Living Children and Young People and Pancreatic β-Cell Loss in Pancreas Donors Across Type 1 Diabetes Disease Duration

• DOI: 10.2337/db22-0097
• Publication Date: 2022-05-02T14:23:41Z
• Authors: Alice L.J. Carr; Jamie R.J. Inshaw; Christine S. Flaxman; Pia Leete; Rebecca C. Wyatt; Lydia A. Russell; Matthew Palmer; Dmytro Prasolov; Thomas Worthington; Bethany Hull; Linda S. Wicker; David B. Dunger; Richard A. Oram; Noel G. Morgan; John A. Todd; Sarah J. Richardson; Rachel E.J. Besser
• Keywords: insulin; Adolescent; C-Peptide; 610; Infant; Pathophysiology; Tissue Donors; 3. Good health; beta cells; 03 medical and health sciences; Type 1 diabetes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; 0302 clinical medicine; children; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Humans; C-peptide; Child; Pancreas

C-peptide declines in type 1 diabetes, although many long-duration patients retain low, but detectable levels. Histological analyses confirm that β-cells can remain following diabetes onset. We explored the trends observed decline UK Genetic Resource Investigating Diabetes (UK GRID) cohort (N = 4,079), with β-cell loss pancreas donors from network for Pancreatic Organ (nPOD) biobank and Exeter Archival Biobank (EADB) (combined N 235), stratified by recently reported age at diagnosis endotypes (<7, 7-12, ≥13 years) across increasing durations. The proportion of individuals declined beyond first year after diagnosis, this was most marked youngest group (<1-year duration: <7 years: 18 20 [90%], 7-12 107 110 [97%], 58 61 [95%] vs. 1-5 years postdiagnosis: 172 522 [33%], 604 995 [61%], 225 289 [78%]). A similar profile loss, those diagnosed younger ages experiencing more rapid islets containing insulin-positive (insulin+) <1 23 26 (88%), 32 33 (97%), 22 25 (88%) 12 (8.3%), 7 13 (54%), 8 (88%). These data should be considered planning interpretation intervention trials designed to promote retention function.